Kinetic Sculpture

Sculptures that include moving parts. Marcel Duchamp's 1913 Bicycle Wheel is generally considered the first such work. Although they were made throughout the 20th century—by artists associated with Constructivism and the Bauhaus, for example—and continue to be made today, kinetic sculptures’ heyday was during the 1950s and 1960s, when Alexander Calder and Jean Tinguely were the best-known practitioners. Calder became famous for his mobiles and Tinguely for his 1960 Homage to New York, a kind of junk machine that destroyed itself in the sculpture garden of the Museum of Modern Art.