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The year 2022 has witnessed the demise of the internal combustion engine, propelled by the rise of vehicle electrification. Automotive companies such as Tesla and Polestar that only offer electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a game-changer, completely transforming the landscape of the long-standing motor industry, with increasing EVs and their charging infrastructure dwarfing the muffler sound of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) that used to dominate the streets. On top of this, the biggest carmakers at the center of the history of the automobile industry including …