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The “history” of painting goes back further than that of history proper (that is, the period from which written documents remain), with the discovery of cave murals in the Iberian Peninsula (Spain) that are thought to have been painted by Neanderthals more than 65,000 years ago. The situation is similar for ceramics: examples have been found that are dated at over 20,000 years old. These media have developed in parallel to human activity from long before the institutionalization of art history as a chronology of so-called masterpieces. Since the advent of art history, however, it is painting …